ITIN FAQ: Application, Documents, CAA, Timing and Renewal
Direct answers to common questions about Form W-7, supporting documents, ITIN processing time, CAA interviews, overseas applications and ITIN renewal.
Common ITIN questions
Short answers first, with detailed guides linked where the issue needs more context.
What is an ITIN?
An ITIN is a nine-digit tax processing number issued by the IRS to people who need a U.S. taxpayer identification number for federal tax purposes but are not eligible for a Social Security Number (SSN).
Who should not apply for an ITIN?
Do not file Form W-7 if you already have an SSN or are eligible to obtain one. If an SSN application is pending, wait for the Social Security Administration’s decision before filing Form W-7.
Does an ITIN provide work authorization or immigration status?
No. An ITIN is for federal tax purposes. It does not authorize employment, provide Social Security benefits, or change immigration status.
Can I apply for an ITIN online?
The IRS does not currently provide a fully online Form W-7 application route. ITIN applications are submitted by mail or through an eligible in-person route such as a participating IRS office, VITA site, Certifying Acceptance Agent or Acceptance Agent.
Do I always need a federal tax return with Form W-7?
Usually. The IRS allows specific exceptions to the tax-return requirement. If you claim an exception, you must submit the documentation required for that exception. See our Form W-7 exceptions guide for the current framework.
Do I have to mail my passport to the IRS?
Not always. Depending on the route, you may use an issuing-agency certified copy, visit a participating IRS Taxpayer Assistance Center, or use a CAA that can authenticate an eligible passport under IRS rules.
What supporting documents does the IRS accept?
The IRS accepts 13 types of supporting documents. A valid passport is the only stand-alone document that generally proves both identity and foreign status; otherwise, two supporting documents are normally required.
Can a CAA guarantee ITIN approval?
No. The IRS decides whether to issue an ITIN. A CAA can review Form W-7, authenticate eligible documents, submit the application package and help address application issues.
Can the CAA interview be done by video?
Yes. IRS rules allow video conferencing for the interview, but the CAA must have the required original identification documents or issuing-agency certified copies in possession during the interview.
How long does an ITIN application take?
The IRS says to allow 7 weeks for status notification. It can take 9–11 weeks during January 15–April 30 or when the application is filed from overseas.
What are CP565, CP566 and CP567 notices?
CP565 means an ITIN was assigned. CP566 asks for more information. CP567 means the ITIN application was rejected and the reason should be reviewed before resubmission.
Can I apply for an ITIN from outside the United States?
Yes. The IRS accepts applications from abroad by mail, and applicants may also work with an IRS-approved Certifying Acceptance Agent in the United States or abroad.
When does an ITIN expire?
An ITIN expires on December 31 after three consecutive tax years in which it is not used on a U.S. federal tax return. If the expired ITIN will be used on a federal return, it must be renewed.
Do I need to renew an expired ITIN used only on Form 1099 information returns?
The IRS says an expired ITIN generally does not need to be renewed if it is used only on information returns such as Form 1099 and will not be included on a federal income tax return.
Does the IRS charge a fee to apply for an ITIN?
The IRS does not charge a fee for Form W-7 processing. Private Acceptance Agents and Certifying Acceptance Agents may charge service fees, which vary by provider.
Is CAA ITIN Service part of the IRS?
No. CAA ITIN Service is an independent service website. ITINs are issued only by the Internal Revenue Service.